| 李苍源* **,刘成*,王颖*.处理器专用指令自动化设计方法综述[J].高技术通讯(中文),2026,36(6):551~563 |
| 处理器专用指令自动化设计方法综述 |
| A survey on custom instruction design automation for processors |
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| DOI：10. 3772 / j. issn. 1002 - 0470. 2026. 06. 001 |
| 中文关键词: 应用专用指令集处理器； 指令集设计自动化； 代价模型； 设计空间探索 |
| 英文关键词: application-specific instruction-set processor, automated instruction set design, cost model, design space exploration |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李苍源* ** | （*中国科学院计算技术研究所北京 100190）
（**中国科学院大学北京 100049） | | 刘成* | | | 王颖* | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着嵌入式系统应用需求的增长和第5代精简指令集计算机(reduced instruction set computer V，RISC-V)开源指令集架构的兴起，应用专用指令集处理器(application specific instruction-set processor，ASIP)的设计已成为提升应用性能的关键技术。而为了降低ASIP设计的复杂度和开发成本，其设计自动化方法得到了广泛关注，其中专用指令集的自动设计是ASIP设计自动化流程中最具挑战性的环节之一。本文系统地综述了专用指令自动设计过程的主要流程和代表性工作：首先详细讨论了4种不同类型的专用指令，即单输入单输出指令（single input single output，SISO）、单输入多输出指令（single input multiple output，SIMO）、多输入单输出指令（multiple input single output，MISO）、多输入多输出指令（multiple input multiple output，MIMO）及其特点和应用场景；随后深入探讨了专用指令设计中的代价模型以及各类搜索方法；并分析了专用指令实现优化的2个重要方面，即资源开销优化和搜索性能优化。最后对专用指令自动设计的研究趋势作出预测。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the growing demands of embedded system applications and the rise of the reduced instruction set computer V(RISC-V) open instruction set architecture, application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) has become a key technology for improving application performance. To reduce the complexity and development costs of ASIPs, automated design methods have gained widespread attention, with custom instruction set synthesis being one of the most challenging aspects in the ASIP design automation process. This paper systematically reviews the main processes and representative work in automated custom instruction design: First, it discusses in detail four different types of custom instructions, i.e. single input single output (SISO), single input multiple output (SIMO), multiple input single output (MISO), and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and their characteristics and application scenarios; then explores the cost models and various design exploration methods in custom instruction design process; analyzes two important aspects of custom instruction implementation optimization, namely resource overhead optimization and search performance optimization. Finally, predictions are made regarding the research trends in automated custom instruction design. |
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